Google Sheets uses the same percentage increase formula as ordinary arithmetic. The spreadsheet performs the division; you choose how the result is displayed.
Formula for one row
With the original number in A2 and the new number in B2, use:
=(B2-A2)/A2Select the result cell and choose Format → Number → Percent. For a change from 75 to 90, the result is 20%.
Avoid multiplying twice
Percentage formatting already converts 0.20 to 20%. If your formula multiplies by 100 and the cell also uses percentage formatting, Sheets displays 2,000%.
Use either:
(B2-A2)/A2with Percentage formatting, or((B2-A2)/A2)*100with ordinary Number formatting.
The first choice is usually easier to reuse.
Apply the formula to many rows
Double-click the small square at the lower-right corner of the selected formula cell. Sheets fills the formula alongside neighboring data.
For a column formula, you can use:
=ARRAYFORMULA(IF(A2:A="","",IF(A2:A=0,"Undefined",(B2:B-A2:A)/A2:A)))This leaves empty rows blank and labels zero-baseline rows as undefined.
Find a new value after an increase
If A2 contains the starting value and B2 contains a percentage such as 7.5%, enter:
=A2*(1+B2)A value of 800 becomes 860 after a 7.5% increase.
Verify a row with the percentage calculator
For desktop spreadsheet steps, visit the Excel percentage increase guide. If your first value is zero, read why no percentage increase exists from zero.